Hydraulic motor.



0. L. WILKINS.

' HYDRAULIC MOTOR. APPLICATION IILBIZ MAY 18. 1907.

PATENTED FEB. 11, 1908.

3 SHEETSSHEET 1.

l O W -11 NOQ 878,700.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

PATENTED FEB. 11, 1908.

G. L. WILKINS. HYDRAULIC MOTOR. APPLICATION FILED MAY 13. 1907.

IINEQZM 507 THE Norms pin-Rs co., WASHIN'JTONI n. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES L. WILKINS, OF COLUMBUS, OHIO, ASSIG NOB TO THE OHIO PUMP &BRASS COMPANY, OF COLUMBUS, OHIO.

HYDRAULIC MOTOR.

Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed May 13. 1907. SerialNo. 373.355.

Patented Feb. 11, 1908.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known thatI, OHARLns L. WILKINs,

of Columbus, in the county of Franklin and State of Ohio, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Hydraulic Motors; and I do herebydeclare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of theinvention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which itappertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in hydraulic motors and moreparticularly to that type in which a reci rocatingpiston isemployed,-one object o the invention be ing to simplify and improvemotors of this character, and to enable the employment of acomparatively short cylinder and to obtain a maximum length of thepiston stroke.

A further object is to provide means whereby the waste of pressure willbe effectually avoided.

A further object is to so construct the main inletports that they willadmit of a gradual increase of pressure into the cylinder and agradually increasing volume of exhaust from the cylinder, whereby amodulating effect on-the action of the driving piston is provided.

A further object is to provide a motor which shall be strong andcomplete, and in which the positive reciprocating action of the pistonwill be effectual with no possible chance of the valves centering.

With these objects in view, the invention consists in certain novelfeatures of construction and combinations of parts as hereinafter setforth and pointed out in the claims.

'In the accompanying drawings; Figure 1 is a plan view of the motor withthe valve casing removed. Fig.2 is a bottom plan view of the valvecasing with the valves shown in dotted lines. Flg. 3 is a longitudinalsectional view on the line aoof Fig. 4. Fig. 4 is a transverse sectionon the line b?) of Fig. 3. Fig.5 is a longitudinal sectional view on theline c-c of Figs. 4 and 6, and Fig. 6 is a transverse sectional view onthe line d-d of Fig. 5.

1 represents the cylinder; 11 the piston therein provided with a pistonrod 11 and 2 the valve casing.

In constructing the cylinder, I provide a casting having a fiat topportion 11' having certain parts hereinafter described and constitutinga seat for the valve casing 2.

Ducts 10 and 10 are made in the casting for the passage of the motivefluid, and between these ducts, an exhaust port 18 is provided andcommunicates with a nipple 14 with which the exhaust pipe of the motoris connected. The said casting is provided at its respective ends withintegral collars 11 11. The collar 11 is internally threaded for thereception of the head 11 of the cylinder and the opposite head 11 isbolted to the collar 11. The body of the cylinder consists of a tube 11which is inserted into place before the head 11 is applied. The portionsof the casting with which the tube or cylinder body 11. makes contactare machined to effect a good fit and the tube is secured with hardsolder. The head 11 is provided with a suitable bearing 11. for thepiston rod 11 The valve casing comprisestwo cylinders I 2 and 4 in whichare located, res ectively, a main valve 3 and an auxiliary va ve' 5.main valve 3 is provided with two piston heads 8, 8, and two iston heads8 8 thus dividing the valve cy inder 2 into five chambers, 16, 16 7, '7and 12. An inlet port 6 The for fluid pressure, is provided on the valvecylinder 2 and communicates through ports 6 and 6 with the chambers 7and 7 so that these chambers will always contain'fiuid un-.

10 for admitting pressure fluid to the ends of the cylinder. Thus, withthe main valve in the position shown in Fig. 3, fluid will enter at 6,pass through port 6 into chamber 7',

and from said chamber through the diagonal port 9 to the duct 10 bywhich the fluid is conducted to one end of the cylinder. The

exhaust from the other end of the cylinder will pass through the duct 10port 9 to chamber 12 formed by the intermediate from said chamber,through ports 13, 13 to the exhaust outlet 14.

The auxiliary valve 5 is provided with beads or pistons S, 8 of the mainvalve, and a three heads or pistons 21, 21 and 21 which form fourchambers within the auxiliary.

valve cylinder 4, said chambers being indlcated on the drawings by thereference characters 26 and 26 at respective ends of the cylinder 4 and20, 20 formed between the heads 21 and 21 and 21 and fl l- Ports 27 and27 connect'the chambers 26, .26 at the auxiliary valve.

end in a port communicating with the main. cylinder at a point betweenthe center and the; outer end thereof. The passageway or ductisprovided. with an enlarged. portion in-rwhich a; check valve 29 islocated as most clearly shown in Fig. 4 The passageway. l5 is connectedby a channel 18 and a passageway 1.9 withthe chamber. between thefheads2.l-21 ofthe auxiliary valve. A.

passage-22 is.also arranged. to communicate withthe chamber'20'andisconnected by a channel23 with apassageway 24 which communicates withthe chamber 16in oneend of themainvalvecylinder 2 A passageway 25,connectsthe channel. 18. with the main valve-cylinder 2 as shown inFigs. 2 and 3 for a.p urpose hereinafter explained. In a similar manner,a. passageway or. duct 15 terminatesat'one end in a port communicatingwith-the main cylinder at apoint between its.centterand. inner endthereof. The passagewayor. duct 15 is provided. with an enlarged portion15 in which-a check valve 29 is located. The passageway 15 is connectedbya channel 18 and .a passageway 1 9 with the chamber 20 between theheads 21'-21 of A- passageway 22 is also; arranged tov communicate withthe chamber-2.0% and is connected by a channel 23% and a passageway 24with the chamber 16} in one end of; the mainlvalve cylinder 2 Apassageway connects the channel 18- with the. main valve cylinder 2Theoperationof the motor. is as follows The piston 11: in themaincylinder, as shown iniFig. 3.,- istraveling toward the left or outerend; th e;.main valve, 3 is.stationary at the lefthand end of-itscylinder, and motive fluid is passing. intothe main cylinder 1, throughinlet6, port. 6 chamber 7, port 9 and duct 10: The exhaust from in frontof the piston 11. is passing out: through duct 10 port 9, chamber 12,,exhaustports 13, 13 and outlet 14;. It will be observed that' piston 11in its.

travel tothe left. has passed anduncovered thecpassagew-ay 15. Pressurewill therefore beadmitted into the chamberv 16 between the head and cap17 of the main valve cylinder, the. fluid reaching. said chamber fromthewpassageway. 15, throughchannel 18, passageway. 19,, chamber 20(formed between the; heads.2.121 of the auxiliary valve), passagerway.22, channeli 23 andpassageway 24. The admission of pressure into thechamber 16-will2causethe mainvalve 3 to travel tothewrightv (Fig. 3-) orinner end of its cylinder. As .themain valve'3 moves to the right,

9. As the pressure which is moving the mam valve comes through thisport, it is ob- 'vious that as soon as this pressure is cut off itsinner head 8 will pass over and close port pressure to duct 10 and themain cylinder being cut off. In order to avoid such stopping of the mainvalve, the passageways 25 25 communicating with the channels 18, 18 andthe main valve cylinder 2 are provided so that before ahead 8 has closedport 9 head f the-main valve has uncovered passageway 25 and admits thepressure from chamber 7 into channel 18 to reinforce the pressureinchamber 16 and thus-prevent any possibility of the main valve 3 notfinishing its complete stroke.

Should an expansive motive fluid such as steam or air be employed, thepassageway 25, 25 could. be omitted, but where liquid pressure is usedfor motive power, the provision of these two auxiliary passages makesthe complete stroke of the main valve positive.

It will be observed that before the main valve 3 has changed itsposition to the right hand end of itscylinder (reference being had toFig. 3 of the drawing) the contents of chamber 16 at the opposite end ofthe main valve cylinder 2 is in exhaust through passage 24 channel 23passage-22 chamber 20 passage 28, channel 28 exhaust ports 1313 andoutlet 14,thus removingresistance to the free-movement of said mainvalve. When the main valve has'finished its stroke to the right or innerendof its cylinder (Fig. 3), pressure will be admitted into the left orouter end of the main cylinder 1 from chamber '7 through port 9, duct.10 thus reversing the main piston 11. The ad.- mission of pressure intoduct 10 also admits pressure through passageway. 27 into the chamber 26(see Fig. 5) of the auxiliary valve cylinder. This causes the auxiliaryvalve 5 to travel to the left or inner end of its cylinder,.and pressureinthe chamber 26 at the opposite end of the auxiliary valve cylinderwill exhaust through passageway 27 duct 10, ports 1313 and outlet 14.Thusit will be seen that the reversing of the auxiliary valve takesplace as soon as the reversing of the main valve admits pressure intothe duct 10 The reversing of the auxiliary valve 5 to the opposite endof its cylinder, arranges the passageways for the proper distribution ofmotive fluid under pressure and also the exhaust. For the reversing ofthe main valve 3, at the proper time, passageways 19 and 22 areconnected by chamber 20 formed by heads 21 and. 21 of auxiliary valve 5,and passageway 25 is closed by the inner head 8 of the main valve. Thisplaces chamber 16 in direct communication with the passageway 15 so thatwhen the piston 11 has passed the port 15 in its travel to the inner endof the driving cylinder 1, pressure will be admitted into the chamber 16to reverse the main valve 3. The chamber 16 at the opposite end of themain valve will be in exhaust as passageway 24is in direct communicationwith exhaust port 13, through the medium of channel 23, passage-way 22,chamber20, passageway 28, and channel 28 Returning now to the positionof the parts shown in Fig. 3, it will be observed that after the mainpiston 11 has passed the passage 15 on its outer stroke to theleft,.pres-' sure will be in said passage 15 and its con-' nectingchannels, the same as in cylinder 1' to the right of the piston 11 untilthe main valve has been reversed, when the space on the right of piston11 will be in exhaust.

This will place the passage 15 in exhaust also until piston 11 re-passesgoing to the right onits reverse stroke, when the pressure that isdriving piston 11 to the right again enters the passage 15. During theinterval of time that passage 15 is in exhaust, there would be a wasteof pressure from chambers 7' and 26 through passageways 19' and 25,channel 18 and passage 15 into the exhaust pressure in cylinder 1, if itwere not for the presence of the check valve 29 in the passage 15.Valves 3 and '5 have traveled to the opposite ends of their cylindersfrom their positions shown in the drawings, consequently the inner head8 of the main valve 3 that has been covering. and closing off pas sage25, has passed by and uncovered it, allowing pressure from chamber 7 toenter channel 18 that leads to top of check valve 29 in passage 15. Head21 on the auxiliary valve 5 has passed over passageway 19 to a positionbetween this passageway and passageway 22, thus making the latter theterminal of channel 23 that leads from chamber check valve 29.

16, in connection with passage 28 through the medium of chamber 20formed by heads 21-21 of auxiliary valve 5. The position of theauxiliary valve places duct 10}, passageway 27, chamber 26, passageway19, channel 18, and passageway 25 all in connection, and all containingpressur The pressure coming from chamber 7 through port 9 and duct 10,passageway27 into chamber 26, through passageway 25 and connecting withpassageway 19 by means of channel 18 that terminates in the enlargedportion of passageway 15 which contains the The lower'end of passageway15 is in connection with the exhaust pressure in the right hand end ofthe cylinder 1 until piston 11 has passed by it on its reverse stroke,when the pressure is also in passageway 15 on the under side of thecheck valve. At this time, all of the outer end of the motor is underpressure except chamber haust port 13, through the medium of passageway24, channel 23, passageway 22, chamber 20 (formed by heads 2121"* ofauxiliary valve 5), passageway 28 and channel 28 The position of theauxiliary valve 5 not only puts chamber 16 in exhaust through passageway24, channel 23, passageway 22, chamber 20, passageway 28, channel 28 andexhaust port 13, but it also places passageway 27 through which pressureis passing from duct 10 in connection with passageway 19 and channel 18,into which pressure is entering from passageway 25 from chamber 7 of themain valve cylinder,--so that duty of check valve 29 is to prevent thewaste of motive pressure during the interval of time that it requiresfor piston 11 to pass and repass passageway 15 in its travel. Thisperiod is of short duration, as it occurs at the end of the stroke.

Various changes might be made in the details of construction of myinvention without departing from the spirit thereof or limiting itsscope and hence I do not wish to limit myself to the precise detailsherein'set forth.

Having fully described my invention what I claim as new and desiretosecure by Letters-Patent, is i "1. In a motor, the combination with amain cylinder and a piston therein, of two valve cylinders, main andauxiliary valves in said valve cylinders, the main valve cylinder havingports communicating with the ducts of the main cylinder, channelscommunicating with the main cylinder between the center and ends of thelatter and with the auxiliary valve cylinder, these channels havingports or passageways intermediate of their ends communicatin with themain valve cylinder to insure tie completion of the stroke of themainvalve channels communicating at one end with the auxiliary valvecylinder and'at their other ends with the respective ends of the mainvalvecylinder, and exhaust ports communicating with both of said valvecylinders. i

2. In a motor, the combination with a main cylinder, and a pistontherein, said cylinder provided with ducts leading to respective endsthereof, of two valve, cylinders, a main valve in one valve cylinder, an

16, which is in exhaust (for reversing when {with the respective ends ofthe main valve cylinder, and. exhaust ports communicating with both ofsaid valve cylinders.

3. In a motor, the combination with a main cylinder and a pistontherein, said. cylinder having ducts communicating with.

the respective ends thereof, of a main valve cylinder having portscommunicating with the ducts of the main cylinder, an auxiliary valvecylinder provided with ports communicating with the ducts of the maincylinder, a main valve, an auxiliary valve, means for conveying thepressure from the main cylinder to the respective ends of the main valvecylinder, said means controlled by the movements of the auxiliary valve,and means for connectin both valve chambers with anexhaust out et.

4. In a motor, the combination with a maincylinder, a'piston therein, oftwo valve cylinders, a main valve in one of said cylinders, an auxiliaryvalve in the other valve cylinder, the main valve cylinder havingelongated diagonally disposed ports for the passage of fluid to and fromthe main cylinder.

5. In a motor, the combination with a main cylinder and a pistontherein, of two valve cylinders, a main reciprocating valve in one valvecylinder and comprising a series of heads dividing said cylinder intofive chambers, an auxiliary reciprocating valve in the other. valvecylinder and having aseries of heads dividing the auxiliary valvecylinder into four chambers, a channel or passageway communicating withthe main cylinder at each side of the center thereof, each of saidchannels or passageways adapted to communicate with a chamber of theauxiliary valve cylinder, and other channels or passageways adapted tocommunicate with the same chambers of the auxiliary valve cylinder andconnected respectively with the end chambers of the main valve cylinder.

6. In a motor, the combination with a main cylinder and a pistontherein, of two valve cylinders, a main valve in one valve cylinderhaving a series of heads dividing said valve cylinder into a series ofchambers, an auxiliary valve in the other valve cylinder and having aseries of heads dividing said auxiliary valve cylinder into a series ofchambers, said main valve cylinder having ports communicating with themain cylinder, means for conducting fluid from the main cylinder tochambers of the auxiliary 7. In a motor, the combination with a maincylinderand a piston therein, of two valve cylinders, a main valve inone valve cylinder, means providing passa eways for fluid from themaincylinder to the ends of the main valve cylinder for shifting thethrough said passageways, an auxiliary valve in one of the valvecylinders for controlling the flow offluid through passa eways and meansfor connecting both va ve chambers with an exhaust outlet.

8. In motor, the combination of a'casting comprising a flattenedintermediate portion provided with ducts and ports, and collars beyondthe ends of said flattened inter mediate portion, a tube secured in saidcollars and to the under face of said. intermediate flattened'portion,and heads secured to said collars.

9. In a motor, the combination of a casting having an intermediateportion: having ports and ducts and flattened on its upper face for thereception of a valve casing, said casting also comprising hollowextensions at the ends of said intermediate portion and integral collarsat the outer ends of said hollow extensions, a tube secured in saidcasting and constituting the body of a cylinder, and heads for thecylinder secured to the collars at the ends of the casting.

- 10. In a motor, the combination of a main cylinder, a piston therein,a valve cylinder and a piston therein, the valve cylinder havingelongated, dia onally disposed ports for the passage of, fluid to andfrom the main cylinder.

11. In a motor, the combination with a main cylinder and a pistontherein, of valve cylinders containing a main and auxiliary valve, themain valve cylinder having elongated, diagonally disposed ports for thepassage of fluid to and from the main cylinder.

In testimony whereof, I have signed this specification in the presenceof two subscribing witnesses.

CHAR LES L. WILKINS.

Witnesses D. L. DAVIES, PETER GEHR.

-main valve, means for preventing leakage

